c++ verson

.vscode/settings.json

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+{
+    "C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "disabled"
+}

c++/abstract_factory.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 抽象工厂模式
+ * @brief: 创建相关对象族
+ * @note 场景：跨平台UI组件库（如 Windows/macOS 按钮+文本框组合）
+ */
+
+class Button {
+public:
+    virtual void render() = 0;
+};
+class WinButton : public Button {
+public:
+    void render() override {}
+};
+class MacButton : public Button {
+public:
+    void render() override {}
+};
+
+class GUIFactory {
+public:
+    virtual Button* createButton() = 0;
+};
+class WinFactory : public GUIFactory {
+    Button* createButton() override { return new WinButton(); }
+};
+class MacFactory : public GUIFactory {
+    Button* createButton() override { return new MacButton(); }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    // 使用
+    GUIFactory* factory = new WinFactory(); // 根据配置切换
+    Button* btn = factory->createButton();
+    btn->render();
+    return 0;
+}

c++/adapter.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 适配器模式
+ * @brief: 转换接口以兼容客户端
+ * @note 场景：集成旧库、第三方库接口转换
+ */
+
+// 旧类 (不兼容接口)
+class LegacyPrinter {
+public:
+    void printDocument() { /* 旧式打印 */ }
+};
+
+class PrinterInterface {
+public:
+    virtual void print() = 0;
+};
+
+// 适配器
+class PrinterAdapter : public PrinterInterface {
+    LegacyPrinter legacyPrinter;
+public:
+    void print() override {
+        legacyPrinter.printDocument(); // 调用旧方法
+    }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    PrinterInterface* printer = new PrinterAdapter();
+    printer->print();
+}

c++/builder.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 建造者模式
+ * @brief: 分步构造复杂对象
+ * @note 场景：创建包含多个配置选项的对象（如电脑配置、订单）
+ */
+
+class Pizza {
+public:
+    void setDough(const std::string& d) { dough = d; }
+    void setSauce(const std::string& s) { sauce = s; }
+    void addTopping(const std::string& t) { toppings.push_back(t); }
+private:
+    std::string dough;
+    std::string sauce;
+    std::vector<std::string> toppings;
+};
+
+class PizzaBuilder {
+public:
+    virtual void buildDough() = 0;
+    virtual void buildSauce() = 0;
+    virtual void buildToppings() = 0;
+    Pizza* getPizza() { return pizza; }
+protected:
+    Pizza* pizza = new Pizza();
+};
+
+class HawaiianBuilder : public PizzaBuilder {
+public:
+    void buildDough() override { pizza->setDough("cross"); }
+    void buildSauce() override { pizza->setSauce("mild"); }
+    void buildToppings() override {
+        pizza->addTopping("ham");
+        pizza->addTopping("pineapple");
+    }
+};
+
+class Director {
+public:
+    Pizza* makePizza(PizzaBuilder* builder) {
+        builder->buildDough();
+        builder->buildSauce();
+        builder->buildToppings();
+        return builder->getPizza();
+    }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    Director director;
+    HawaiianBuilder builder;
+    Pizza* pizza = director.makePizza(&builder);
+}

c++/chain_responsibility.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 责任链模式
+ * @brief: 使多个对象都有机会处理请求
+ * @note 场景：日志过滤系统、审批流程、异常处理链
+ */
+
+class Handler {
+public:
+    virtual void handleRequest(int level) = 0;
+    void setNext(Handler* h) { next = h; }
+protected:
+    Handler* next = nullptr;
+};
+
+class Manager : public Handler {
+public:
+    void handleRequest(int level) override {
+        if (level <= 5) {
+            // 处理请求
+        } else if (next) {
+            next->handleRequest(level);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+class Director : public Handler {
+    void handleRequest(int level) override {
+        if (level > 5 && level <= 10) {
+            // 处理请求
+        } else if (next) {
+            next->handleRequest(level);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    Handler* manager = new Manager();
+    Handler* director = new Director();
+    manager->setNext(director);
+
+    manager->handleRequest(3);  // Manager处理
+    manager->handleRequest(7);  // Director处理
+}

c++/command.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 命令模式
+ * @brief: 将请求封装为对象
+ * @note 场景：GUI 按钮操作、撤销/重做功能、任务队列
+ */
+
+class Command {
+public:
+    virtual void execute() = 0;
+};
+
+class Light {
+public:
+    void turnOn() {}
+};
+
+class LightOnCommand : public Command {
+    Light* light;
+public:
+    void execute() override { light->turnOn(); }
+};
+
+class RemoteControl {
+    Command* command;
+public:
+    void setCommand(Command* cmd) { command = cmd; }
+    void pressButton() { command->execute(); }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    RemoteControl remote;
+    remote.setCommand(new LightOnCommand());
+    remote.pressButton();
+}

c++/decorator.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 装饰器模式
+ * @brief: 动态添加职责
+ * @note 场景：流处理（加密/压缩装饰）、GUI 组件增强
+ */
+
+class Coffee {
+public:
+    virtual double cost() = 0;
+};
+class SimpleCoffee : public Coffee {
+public:
+    double cost() override { return 6.9; }
+};
+
+class CoffeeDecorator : public Coffee {
+protected:
+    Coffee* coffee;
+public:
+    CoffeeDecorator(Coffee* c) : coffee(c) {}
+};
+
+class MilkDecorator : public CoffeeDecorator {
+public:
+    MilkDecorator(Coffee* c) : CoffeeDecorator(c) {}
+    double cost() override {
+        return coffee->cost() + 0.5; // 增加牛奶费用
+    }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    Coffee* coffee = new SimpleCoffee();
+    coffee = new MilkDecorator(coffee); // 动态装饰
+    coffee->cost(); // 基础 + 牛奶
+}

c++/factory_method.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 工厂方法模式
+ * @brief: 将对象创建委托给子类
+ * @note 场景：框架需要扩展多种类型对象（如 UI 控件、游戏角色)
+ */
+
+class Product {
+public:
+    virtual void use() = 0;
+};
+
+class ConcreteProductA : public Product {
+    void use() override { /* 产品A的功能 */ }
+};
+
+class Creator {
+public:
+    virtual Product* createProduct() = 0;
+};
+
+class ConcreteCreatorA : public Creator {
+    Product* createProduct() override {
+        return new ConcreteProductA();
+    }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    Creator* creator = new ConcreteCreatorA();
+    Product* product = creator->createProduct();
+    product->use();
+    return 0;
+}

c++/flyweght.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 享元模式
+ * @brief: 高效共享大量细粒度对象
+ * @note 场景：文本编辑器字符格式、游戏粒子系统
+ */
+
+class CharacterStyle {
+public:
+    CharacterStyle(const std::string& font, int size, bool bold)
+        : font(font), size(size), bold(bold) {}
+    // 风格属性...
+private:
+    std::string font;
+    int size;
+    bool bold;
+};
+
+class StyleFactory {
+public:
+    CharacterStyle* getStyle(const std::string& font, int size, bool bold) {
+        std::string key = font + std::to_string(size) + (bold ? "b" : "");
+        if (styles.find(key) == styles.end()) {
+            styles[key] = new CharacterStyle(font, size, bold);
+        }
+        return styles[key];
+    }
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, CharacterStyle*> styles;
+};
+
+class TextCharacter {
+public:
+    TextCharacter(char c, CharacterStyle* style) 
+        : character(c), style(style) {}
+private:
+    char character;
+    CharacterStyle* style;  // 共享的样式对象
+};

c++/interpreter.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 解释器模式
+ * @brief: 定义语言的语法表示
+ * @note 场景：SQL解析、正则表达式、数学公式计算
+ */
+
+class Expression {
+public:
+    virtual int interpret() = 0;
+};
+
+class Number : public Expression {
+public:
+    Number(int value) : value(value) {}
+    int interpret() override { return value; }
+private:
+    int value;
+};
+
+class Add : public Expression {
+public:
+    Add(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+        : left(left), right(right) {}
+    int interpret() override {
+        return left->interpret() + right->interpret();
+    }
+private:
+    Expression* left;
+    Expression* right;
+};
+
+// 使用：构建表达式树 (2 + (3 + 4))
+Expression* expr = new Add(
+    new Number(2),
+    new Add(new Number(3), new Number(4))
+);
+
+int main()
+{
+    int result = expr->interpret();  // 输出9
+}

c++/observer.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 观察者模式
+ * @brief: 定义对象间一对多的依赖关系
+ * @note 场景：事件处理系统、消息订阅、MVC 模型更新视图
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+class Observer {
+public:
+    virtual void update(const std::string& msg) = 0;
+};
+
+class Subject {
+    std::vector<Observer*> observers;
+public:
+    void attach(Observer* o) { observers.push_back(o); }
+    void notify(const std::string& msg) {
+        for (auto o : observers) o->update(msg);
+    }
+};
+
+class ConcreteObserver : public Observer {
+    void update(const std::string& msg) override { /* 处理消息 */ }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    Subject subject;
+    subject.attach(new ConcreteObserver());
+    subject.notify("Event occurred!");
+    return 0;
+}

c++/proxy.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 代理模式
+ * @brief: 为其他对象提供代理以控制访问
+ * @note 场景：延迟加载、访问控制、远程代理
+ */
+
+class Image {
+public:
+    virtual void display() = 0;
+};
+
+class RealImage : public Image {
+public:
+    RealImage(const std::string& file) : filename(file) { load(); }
+    void display() override { /* 显示图片 */ }
+private:
+    void load() { /* 耗时加载操作 */ }
+    std::string filename;
+};
+
+class ProxyImage : public Image {
+public:
+    ProxyImage(const std::string& file) : filename(file) {}
+    void display() override {
+        if (!realImage) {
+            realImage = new RealImage(filename);
+        }
+        realImage->display();
+    }
+private:
+    RealImage* realImage = nullptr;
+    std::string filename;
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    Image* image = new ProxyImage("large_photo.jpg");
+    // 此时未加载真实图片
+    image->display();  // 首次访问时加载
+}

c++/singleton.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 单例模式
+ * @brief: 确保类只有一个实例，并提供全局访问点
+ * @note 场景：日志记录器、配置管理、线程池、数据库连接池
+ */
+
+class Singleton {
+public:
+    static Singleton& getInstance() {
+        static Singleton instance; // 线程安全 (C++11)
+        return instance;
+    }
+    void doSomething() { /* ... */ }
+private:
+    Singleton() = default; // 私有构造
+    Singleton(const Singleton&) = delete; // 禁用拷贝
+    Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&) = delete;
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    Singleton::getInstance().doSomething();
+    return 0;
+}

c++/state.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 状态模式
+ * @brief: 允许对象在内部状态改变时改变行为
+ * @note 场景：订单状态机、游戏角色状态、电梯控制
+ */
+
+class OrderState {
+public:
+    virtual void shipOrder(Order* order) = 0;
+    virtual void cancelOrder(Order* order) = 0;
+};
+
+class NewState : public OrderState {
+    void shipOrder(Order* order) override {};
+    void cancelOrder(Order* order) override {};
+};
+
+class ShippedState : public OrderState {
+    void shipOrder(Order* order) override { /* 已发货，不可重复操作 */ }
+    void cancelOrder(Order* order) override { /* 已发货不可取消 */ }
+};
+
+class Order {
+public:
+    Order() : state(new NewState()) {}
+    void ship() { state->shipOrder(this); }
+    void cancel() { state->cancelOrder(this); }
+    void changeState(OrderState* newState) {
+        delete state;
+        state = newState;
+    }
+private:
+    OrderState* state;
+};
+
+// 状态转换实现
+void NewState::shipOrder(Order* order) {
+    // 发货逻辑...
+    order->changeState(new ShippedState());
+}

c++/strategy.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 策略模式
+ * @brief: 封装可互换的算法
+ * @note 场景：支付方式选择（信用卡/支付宝）、排序算法切换
+ */
+
+class PaymentStrategy {
+public:
+    virtual void pay(int amount) = 0;
+};
+
+class CreditCardStrategy : public PaymentStrategy {
+    void pay(int amount) override { /* 信用卡支付逻辑 */ }
+};
+
+class PaymentContext {
+    PaymentStrategy* strategy;
+public:
+    void setStrategy(PaymentStrategy* s) { strategy = s; }
+    void executePayment(int amount) { strategy->pay(amount); }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    PaymentContext context;
+    context.setStrategy(new CreditCardStrategy());
+    context.executePayment(100);
+    return 0;
+}

c++/template_method.cc

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+/**
+ * @name 模板方法模式
+ * @brief: 定义算法框架，允许子类重写特定步骤
+ * @note 场景：数据解析流程、数据库操作模板、游戏主循环
+ */
+
+class DataExporter {
+public:
+    // 模板方法 (final 阻止子类覆盖整个算法)
+    void exportData() final {
+        openDataSource();
+        convertData();   // 子类可重写的步骤
+        closeDataSource();
+    }
+protected:
+    virtual void convertData() = 0;  // 纯虚函数
+    void openDataSource() { /* 通用实现 */ }
+    void closeDataSource() { /* 通用实现 */ }
+};
+
+class CSVExporter : public DataExporter {
+protected:
+    void convertData() override {
+        // CSV格式转换逻辑
+    }
+};
+
+// 使用
+int main()
+{
+    DataExporter* exporter = new CSVExporter();
+    exporter->exportData();  // 执行完整流程
+}